Analysis of ultrasound image biological image algorithm in the restoration of muscle group movement function / Análise do algoritmo de imagem biológica por ultrassom na restauração da função de movimento do grupo muscular / Análisis del algoritmo de imágenes biológicas de imágenes de ultrasonido en la restauración de la función de movimiento del grupo muscular

ABSTRACT Objective: By studying the recognition effect of ultrasonic biological image data analysis on muscle group motion function, the evaluation value and significance of ultrasonic biomedical image combination algorithm on muscle group motion function are discussed. Methods: A Gabor filtering algorithm is proposed to smooth the original image. The MVEF algorithm is used to enhance the ultrasonic image and binary further the image again. Using the principle of the Hove transform, the thickness of the muscle is automatically estimated. Results: The square of correlation coefficients of the manual measurement method, Gabor filtering algorithm and MVEF algorithm are 91.3%, 91.3% and 87.8%, respectively. The difference between the manual measurement and the estimation based on the Gabor filtering algorithm is 1.45 ± 0.48mm. The difference between the results of manual measurement and the MVEF algorithm is 1.38 ± 0.56mm. The computation time of the MVEF algorithm and Gabor algorithm are 5 seconds and 0.3 seconds, respectively. Conclusions: The algorithm proposed in this study can effectively measure the muscle thickness, fast, convenient and accurate, and can reflect the contractility of skeletal muscle well, which is of great value for the recognition and evaluation of muscle group movement function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Objetivo: Ao estudar o efeito de reconhecimento da análise de dados de imagem biológica ultrassônica na função de movimento do grupo muscular, o valor de avaliação e a importância do algoritmo de combinação de imagem biomédica ultrassônica na função de movimento do grupo muscular são discutidos. Métodos: Um algoritmo de filtragem Gabor é proposto para suavizar a imagem original. O algoritmo MVEF é usado para aprimorar ainda mais a imagem ultrassônica e binar a imagem novamente. Usando o princípio da transformada de H ove, a espessura do músculo é automaticamente estimada. Resultados: O quadrado dos coeficientes de correlação do método de medição manual, algoritmo de filtragem Gabor e algoritmo MVEF são 91,3%, 91,3% e 87,8%, respectivamente. A diferença entre a medição manual e a estimativa baseada no algoritmo de filtragem Gabor é 1,45 ± 0,48 mm. A diferença entre os resultados da medição manual e o algoritmo MVEF é de 1,38 ± 0,56 mm. O tempo de cálculo do algoritmo MVEF e do algoritmo Gabor é de 5 segundos e 0,3 segundos, respectivamente. Conclusões: O algoritmo proposto neste estudo pode medir efetivamente a espessura muscular, de forma rápida, conveniente e precisa, e pode refletir bem a contratilidade do músculo esquelético, o que é de grande valor para o reconhecimento e avaliação da função de movimento do grupo muscular. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Al estudiar el efecto de reconocimiento del análisis de datos de imágenes biológicas ultrasónicas sobre la función del movimiento del grupo muscular, se discuten el valor de evaluación y la importancia del algoritmo de combinación de imágenes biomédicas ultrasónicas sobre la función del movimiento del grupo muscular. Métodos: Se propone un algoritmo de filtrado de Gabor para suavizar la imagen original. El algoritmo MVEF se utiliza para mejorar aún más la imagen ultrasónica y volver a binar la imagen. Utilizando el principio de la transformada de H ove, el grosor del músculo se estima automáticamente. Resultados: El cuadrado de los coeficientes de correlación del método de medición manual, el algoritmo de filtrado de Gabor y el algoritmo MVEF son 91,3%, 91,3% y 87,8%, respectivamente. La diferencia entre la medición manual y la estimación basada en el algoritmo de filtrado de Gabor es de 1,45 ± 0,48 mm. La diferencia entre los resultados de la medición manual y el algoritmo MVEF es 1,38 ± 0,56 mm. El tiempo de cálculo del algoritmo MVEF y el algoritmo de Gabor son 5 segundos y 0,3 segundos respectivamente. Conclusiones: El algoritmo propuesto en este estudio puede medir eficazmente el grosor muscular, de forma rápida, conveniente y precisa, y puede reflejar bien la contractilidad del músculo esquelético, lo cual es de gran valor para el reconocimiento y evaluación de la función del movimiento de grupos musculares. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Correção de medida ultrassonográfica de carcaça em coelhos usando modelo linear misto com covariáveis / Correction ultrasonographic measurement of carcass in rabbits using mixed linear Model with covariates

Objetivou-se avaliar a correção da medida ultrassonográfica da área do músculo Longissimus dorsi, em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, pela análise de covariância usando modelos mistos. Foram realizadas análises em delineamento em blocos completos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (operadores) e seis blocos (animais), considerando na análise: a inexistência de covariáveis; a covariável comprimento de olho de lombo; a covariável profundidade de olho de lombo; e as duas covariáveis juntas. Como os animais são uma amostra aleatória, o efeito de bloco foi considerado como aleatório. Consideraram-se as covariáveis como medidas com efeito fixo sem erro, independentemente do tratamento e do comportamento linear. As estatísticas de critério de decisão CV%, R ² e R ¯ ² evidenciaram relação direta entre si e podem ser consideradas para avaliar a precisão experimental em ensaios com avaliação de carcaças. Os valores das estatísticas AIC, BIC e AICC apresentam coerência com a interpretação dos critérios de decisão e indicam que o modelo com duas covariáveis proporciona resultados acurados. A inclusão das covariáveis complementa o controle de local com melhoria na precisão do experimento. A utilização das medidas ultrassonográficas de profundidade e comprimento corrige a média da área do músculo Longissimus dorsi avaliado por diferentes operadores.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the correction ultrasonographic measurement of area the Longissimus dorsi muscle in New Zealand rabbits by covariance analysis using mixed linear models. The analyzes were performed in randomized block design with 5 treatments (operators) and 6 blocks (animals), considering in the analysis: absence of covariates; rib eye length as covariate; rib eye depth as covariate; the two covariates together. As the animals are a random sample, the block effect was considered to be random. The covariates were considered as measures of fixed effect without error, independent of treatment and linear comportment. The decision criterion statistics CV%, R², and R ¯ ²showed a direct relationship between them and can be taken into consideration to evaluate the experimental accuracy in tests with carcass evaluation. The AIC, BIC, and AICC statistics are consistent with the interpretation of the decision criteria and indicate that the two covariates in model provides accurate results. The inclusion of covariates complements the local control to improve the accuracy of the experiment. The use of ultrasound measurements of depth and length corrects the mean area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle evaluated by different operators.(AU)

Comparison of Multi-Echo Dixon Methods with Volume Interpolated Breath-Hold Gradient Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Fat-Signal Fraction Quantification of Paravertebral Muscle

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether multi-echo Dixon magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with simultaneous T2* estimation and correction yields more accurate fat-signal fraction (FF) measurement of the lumbar paravertebral muscles, in comparison with non-T2*-corrected two-echo Dixon or T2*-corrected three-echo Dixon, using the FF measurements from single-voxel MR spectroscopy as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with low back pain underwent MR imaging with a 1.5T scanner. FF mapping images automatically obtained using T2*-corrected Dixon technique with two (non-T2*-corrected), three, and six echoes, were compared with images from single-voxel MR spectroscopy at the paravertebral muscles on levels L4 through L5. FFs were measured directly by two radiologists, who independently drew the region of interest on the mapping images from the three sequences. RESULTS: A total of 117 spectroscopic measurements were performed either bilaterally (57 of 60 subjects) or unilaterally (3 of 60 subjects). The mean spectroscopic FF was 14.3 +/- 11.7% (range, 1.9-63.7%). Interobserver agreement was excellent between the two radiologists. Lin's concordance correlation between the spectroscopic findings and all the imaging-based FFs were statistically significant (p < 0.001). FFs obtained from the T2*-corrected six-echo Dixon sequences showed a significantly better concordance with the spectroscopic data, with its concordance correlation coefficient being 0.99 and 0.98 (p < 0.001), as compared with two- or three-echo methods. CONCLUSION: T2*-corrected six-echo Dixon sequence would be a better option than two- or three-echo methods for noninvasive quantification of lumbar muscle fat quantification.

Light and electron microscopy of skeletal muscle tissues of patients versus carriers of duchenne muscular dystrophy

The study included 8 male patients [5 - 10 years old]. With Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD], their female carriers [20 - 50 years old] and 3 healthy volunteers [2 males and 1 female, 20 - 40 years old]. Carriers were classified into obligate symptomatic [4 carriers], obligate asymptomatic [2 carriers] and possible carriers [2 carriers]. Muscle biopsy was taken from the quadriceps muscle of all the studied persons and prepared for both light and electron microscopy processes. Light and electron microscopy of muscle biopsies revealed marked dystrophic changes in all patients and mild dystrophic changes in 2 obligate symptomatic carriers, while some ultrastructural changes were detected by electron microscopy only in the other 2 obligate symptomatic carriers and one of the 2 obligate asymptomatic carriers. The other obligate asymptomatic carrier and the possible carriers showed no changes by both light and electron microscopy. So, we can conclude that carriers of DMD might show dystrophic changes by both light and electron microscopy. These changes were more frequent in obligate symptomatic carriers. Although, electron microscopy was more accurate than light microscopy in their detection, it could not detect all the carrier state

reliability of bilateral electromyographic data of a muscle

The EMG activity of anterior temporal muscle and masseter musc le were recorded bilaterally, by determining the maximal mean voltage amplitude during maximal contraction, in 21 male subjects aged 18 to 20 years. The electromyographic data were analysed and discussed. Differences of highly significant values were measured between the right and left side [P<0.05 and P<0.01 for the anterior temporal muscle and masseter muscle respectively]. This difference was interpretated as adaptation in such a way to variation in the masticatory pattern and/or asymmetrical skeletal framework of the subject. The following conclusion can be drawn; if quantitative electromyographic data to be used in dental research.and clinical purposes, interpretation of bilateral EMG activity of specific muscle is a must